Fremont, California
Fremont's most valuable ground is a car plant: Tesla owns the former NUMMI factory, bought for $42.0M in 2010, while owners' names stay off the record and a deed costs $3.50 a page to read. State holdings now come from DGS's own Statewide Property Inventory site and the Pacific Commons owner from a 2013 trade report, after the County, City and DGS map layers on ArcGIS Online were dropped (robots.txt 403).
8 buildings · 7 with an owner established · 29 sources · 6 tier A · 2 tier B · prepared 2026-10-14
California has no public register of title and keeps owners' names off the open record. Alameda County publishes every parcel as open map data with its assessed land and improvement values, use code and the number and date of its latest recorded document, but no owner name and no sale price; that layer sits on an ArcGIS Online host whose robots.txt answers 403, so its figures are not used here. Finding the owner means buying a copy of the deed from the Clerk-Recorder at $3.50 a page. Each sale pays the County's documentary transfer tax of $0.55 per $500; Fremont is not among the eight Alameda County cities that levy their own conveyance tax on top.
The marquee buildings
The towers that set the tone of the core, and who holds them. A price is the price a document states, on the date it states — not an estimate of what the building is worth now.
| Building | Use | Owner | Owner type | Last price paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tesla Fremont Factory (former NUMMI plant) 45500 Fremont Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538 about 5.4M sq ft on 210 acres (as bought, 2010) |
Industrial | Tesla, Inc. Tesla's FY2025 10-K (s3) lists the 'Fremont Factory, Fremont, California' as Owned among its primary manufacturing facilities. Its FY2010 10-K (s4) says it bought the plant from New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (the Toyota-GM joint venture) and 'received title to the facility and land': 210 acres, about 55% of the land at the site, and about 5.4M sq ft of manufacturing buildings, for $42.0M cash. |
Public company | $42.0M 2010-10 Tesla's FY2010 10-K: purchase from NUMMI completed Oct 2010; 'The total cash paid was $42.0 million'; title to facility and land; 210 acres, about 55% of the site. A |
| Fremont Hub 39150 Argonaut Way / Fremont Blvd at Mowry Ave, Fremont, CA 94538 504,666 sq ft leasable |
Retail | Kimco Realty Corp, through its Prudential Investment Program joint venture 15% (Kimco's stated interest in the Prudential Investment Program) Kimco's FY2025 10-K Exhibit 99.1 lists 'FREMONT HUB', portfolio PRU, acquired 2007, 504,666 sq ft, 84.7% leased, anchors Marshalls, Ross and Safeway. The exhibit's key: 'PRU Denotes property interest in Prudential Investment Program'; the 10-K body (s6) gives Kimco's interest in that program as 15.0%. The same exhibit lists two other Fremont centres held outside the joint ventures: Brookvale S.C. (129,916 sq ft) and Gateway Plaza (165,554 sq ft). The 2007 price is not in the filing. |
REIT | —A |
| Lam Research headquarters campus 4650 Cushing Pkwy, Fremont, CA 94538 |
Industrial | Lam Research Corporation Lam's FY2026 10-K (year to 28 Jun 2026) gives 4650 Cushing Parkway, Fremont as its principal executive offices and says: 'The Company owns the majority of the Fremont, Livermore, and Tualatin facilities.' The filing does not list buildings, so which Fremont buildings are owned rather than leased is not stated - hence tier B. |
Public company | —B |
| Washington Hospital main campus 2000 Mowry Ave, Fremont, CA 94538 (APN 507-465-2-7 per the CEQA filing) 31-acre campus; 352,405 gross sq ft in 2006, planned to rise to 943,300 |
Institutional | Washington Township Health Care District The State Clearinghouse record for the hospital's 2003-2030 Expansion Plan EIR (SCH 2006112056) names the Washington Township Health Care District, 2000 Mowry Avenue, as lead agency and says the Washington Hospital Healthcare System 'proposes to redevelop its 31-acre medical campus', from 352,405 to 943,300 gross sq ft. The District's own site (whhs.com / washingtonhealth.com) sits behind a Cloudflare challenge and was not read. |
Government | —A |
| Fremont BART station and parking 2000 BART Way, Fremont, CA 94536 TOD Phase 1 site: 8 acres of the station's parking |
Civic | San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) BART's Fremont TOD page (updated June 2026): on 28 Apr 2026 BART issued an RFP for a developer for TOD Phase 1, 'an 8-acre site on the northeast side of the Fremont Station', the east parking lot; the RFP carries a form of Exclusive Negotiating Agreement, and developer selection was expected in October 2026. BART's Upcoming TOD page calls the site 'a portion of BART's surface parking at the Fremont BART Station' (s10). At least about 700 rider spaces are to remain. No sale or ground-lease price has been set. |
Government | —A |
| Mission San Jose (Old Mission San Jose church and padres' quarters) 43300 Mission Blvd (Mission Blvd at Washington Blvd), Fremont, CA 94539 founded 1797 |
Institutional | Roman Catholic Bishop of Oakland, a corporation sole The National Register nomination form (prepared 6 Jul 1970, listed 1971) gives 'OWNER'S NAME: Roman Catholic Bishop of Oakland, a corporation sole', with Alameda County Recorder's Office as the registry of deeds. That is the owner as of 1970; no later record was opened, and the Mission's own sites were not read. The surviving adobe living quarters date from c. 1809-1810; the church is a chapel of Saint Joseph parish. |
Institution | —A |
| Ardenwood Historic Farm 34600 Ardenwood Blvd, Fremont, CA 94555 |
Land | Not established a paid title search would answer it The East Bay Regional Park District's page says the District 'has operated the property as a fully functioning, turn-of-the-last-century farm since 1985' on the remnant of the Patterson family estate. Operating is not owning, and no source opened says who holds title. The deed would have to be bought from the Clerk-Recorder (s1). |
Not established | —A |
| Pacific Commons Shopping Center Pacific Commons Blvd, Fremont, CA 94538 about 865,000 sq ft (2013 sale report) |
Retail | Heitman (as buyer, 2013) Bisnow (11 Dec 2013): 'Catellus just sold the 865k SF Pacific Commons Shopping Center in Fremont to Heitman (price is undisclosed)', tenants including Costco, Kohl's, Nordstrom Rack and DSW. Wikipedia gives the wider Pacific Commons retail district as just under 1,200,000 sq ft on 106 acres, developed by Catellus (s32). Tier B: the 2013 buyer is trade-press reported and no later deed was read, so the current title holder is not confirmed. The County parcel layer used before sits on a host whose robots.txt answers 403. |
Private company | —B |
The core land
The most valuable ground in the city, and what the public record says about it.
Alameda County's parcel values (land, improvements, latest recorded document) were read in October 2026 from a County layer on an ArcGIS Online host whose robots.txt answers 403; those figures are now listed as unverified. Under Proposition 13 a value resets to the purchase price on a change of ownership and then rises at most 2% a year, so a long-held site is carried far below market. What remains is the price the largest owner paid.
Who owns the town
At this scale the significant owner is rarely a trust or a fund: it is one or two local holding companies, a family in its second or third generation, and often the land around the town rather than the buildings in it.
Fremont's biggest holdings are public open space and one car plant. The hills east of the city are regional parkland (Mission Peak alone is 3,023 acres), the bay edge is marsh and regional park (Coyote Hills, 1,266 acres), and the Alameda County Water District and the park district jointly hold the 471-acre Quarry Lakes recharge basins. Tesla bought 210 acres of the former NUMMI plant in 2010. The State's largest listed Fremont holdings are a 29-acre Caltrans yard and the 26-acre CDE Diagnostic Centers campus. Owner names are not on any open County record, so private landholdings cannot be ranked from the public record. Park acreages are the owners' figures and may run past the city limit.
| Name | Type | Holdings (as stated) |
|---|---|---|
| East Bay Regional Park District The District's park pages: Mission Peak's 'parkland's 3,023 acres' rise east of Fremont (s14); Coyote Hills 'comprises 1,266 acres of marshland and rolling grassland-covered hills' on the bay shore, entered at 8000 Patterson Ranch Rd, Fremont (s13); Quarry Lakes' 471 acres (350 of them lakes) were 'acquired by the two agencies' - the District and ACWD - 'between 1975 and 1992 through purchase, donation and inter-agency agreements' (s16). None of the pages says how much lies inside the city limit. District-wide: 73 parks, 126,809 acres (s18). At Ardenwood it is the operator; title was not established. |
Government | Mission Peak 3,023 acres; Coyote Hills 1,266 acres; Quarry Lakes 471 acres (with ACWD)A |
| Alameda County Water District EBRPD's Quarry Lakes page: the old Alameda Creek gravel pits 'began to be used for groundwater recharge by the Alameda County Water District, which diverts water from Alameda Creek into the pits'; the park's property 'was acquired by the two agencies between 1975 and 1992'. The split between the two agencies is not stated. ACWD's own groundwater pages (robots.txt Crawl-delay: 20, honoured) give no acreage. |
Government | Quarry Lakes recharge basins (471-acre park, jointly acquired)A |
| Tesla, Inc. Tesla's FY2010 10-K: title to 210 acres, 'approximately 55% of the land at the site', and the manufacturing buildings of the former NUMMI plant, for $42.0M cash; its FY2025 10-K still lists the Fremont Factory as owned (s3). Leased Tesla space elsewhere in Fremont is not counted here. |
Public company | 210 acres; about 5.4M sq ft (as bought, 2010)A |
| State of California DGS Statewide Property Inventory web search, Alameda County real property, city FREMONT: Caltrans Scott Creek Road satellite (29.26 acres); CDE Diagnostic Centers, 39100 Gallaudet Dr (25.74); Fremont Hall of Justice, 39439 Paseo Padre Pkwy (Judicial Council, 8.17); Nimitz truck scales (5.57 + 3.33); UC off-campus site, 45388 Warm Springs Blvd (5.23); Caltrans Mowry Ave maintenance station (3.10); DMV office, 4287 Central Ave (2.04); two park-and-rides (1.29, 1.00); CA School for the Blind, 500 Walnut Ave (0.72); Quarry Lakes fishing pier (1.70, leasehold). The inventory keys on postal city. |
Government | 12 SPI real-property records, 87.15 acres (85.45 fee)A |
| Washington Township Health Care District The 2006 State Clearinghouse filing for the Washington Hospital expansion plan: the District's hospital system 'proposes to redevelop its 31-acre medical campus' at 2000 Mowry Ave (s8). The District's own site is behind Cloudflare. |
Government | 31-acre medical campusA |
| San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) BART is soliciting a developer for an 8-acre Phase 1 site, 'a portion of BART's surface parking at the Fremont BART Station' (s10). Warm Springs/South Fremont station land was not checked. |
Government | Fremont station parking incl. an 8-acre TOD siteA |
Who builds the houses
New-home building in this market: the volume, and the firms behind it. Ownership of a builder matters as much as its volume — a private-equity platform and a family firm behave differently.
Fremont builds mostly apartments, and the pace has swung hard. The Census Bureau's permit survey (s24) counts 1,148 new homes authorised in the city in 2019, 1,080 in 2022, 681 in 2023, just 131 in 2024 and 435 in 2025 - almost all of the swing in buildings of five or more units (935 in 2019, 35 in 2024, 341 in 2025); single-family permits run at 77-169 a year. There is no builder league table for the city and no open permit file naming developers was read (fremont.gov refuses automated requests). What the public record does show is who owns the large apartment stock, from REIT filings.
| Name | Type | Units |
|---|---|---|
| Essex Property Trust Essex's FY2025 10-K: Mission Peaks (453 units), Mission Peaks II (336), Paragon (301, built 2013), Stevenson Place (200), Boulevard (172), and three co-investment communities - Briarwood (160) and The Woods (160) through Wesco I (Essex 58%), and The Rexford (203) through Wesco VI (Essex 50%). Paragon was bought in July 2014 (Schedule III). |
REIT | 1,985 units (8 communities)A |
| Equity Residential EQR's FY2025 10-K Schedule III: Alborada (460 units, built 1999) and Fremont Center (322 units, built 2002). |
REIT | 782 units (2 communities)A |
| AvalonBay Communities AvalonBay's FY2025 10-K: Avalon Fremont (308 units, built 1992/1994) and eaves Fremont (237 units, 1985/1994). |
REIT | 545 units (2 communities)A |
Commercial landlords
The commercial side, counted separately from housing: who holds the office, retail and industrial floor area.
Fremont's commercial stock is industrial and R&D more than office: the I-880 corridor from Warm Springs to Bayside is tech manufacturing, distribution and lab space, much of it occupied by the companies that own it (Tesla, Lam) or lease it (Western Digital leases 295,000 sq ft for manufacturing and R&D; Bloom Energy leases 326,000 sq ft). A complete landlord ranking by floor area exists only in paid databases; the owners below are those whose Fremont holdings an SEC filing states, with floor area or book cost as the filing gives it. Prologis, the largest US industrial landlord, does not list properties by city in its 10-K.
| Name | Type | Floor area / book cost |
|---|---|---|
| Kimco Realty Corp Kimco's FY2025 10-K Exhibit 99.1: Fremont Hub, 504,666 sq ft, held through the Prudential Investment Program (Kimco 15%, s6); Brookvale S.C., 129,916 sq ft, 100% leased (Lucky, CVS, Planet Fitness); Gateway Plaza, 165,554 sq ft, 99.1% leased (Raley's, CineLounge). The last two carry no joint-venture code. |
REIT | 800,136 sq ft retail (3 centres)A |
| JLL Income Property Trust JLLIPT's FY2025 10-K: Fremont Distribution Center - 45275 Northport Ct (117,000 sq ft) and 45630 Northport Loop East (120,000), acquired 29 Mar 2019, 100% owned, leased to Quanta Computer to Jan 2032; 4211 Starboard, 130,000 sq ft, 95% owned, acquired 9 Jul 2021; medical office at 6300 Dumbarton Circle (44,000) and 6500 Kaiser Drive (88,000), acquired 15 Sep 2022. |
REIT | 499,000 sq ft (5 buildings)A |
| Diversified Healthcare Trust DHC's FY2025 10-K Schedule III: 47071 Bayside Parkway (acquired 27 Jul 2022, gross $70.75M, encumbrance $40.65M); 47201 Lakeview Blvd ($14.29M) and 47211/47215 Lakeview Blvd ($20.36M), both acquired 30 Sep 2011. Floor area not stated in the schedule. |
REIT | 3 properties, $105.4M gross book costA |
| First Industrial Realty Trust First Industrial's FY2025 10-K Schedule III lists 4160-4170 Business Center Drive, 4200 Business Center Drive and 42650 Osgood Road, Fremont, all acquired 2020 (gross carrying amounts $9.9M and $9.4M for the first two). |
REIT | 3 industrial propertiesA |
| Terreno Realty Corp Terreno's FY2025 10-K Schedule III: Hotchkiss (acquired 2017, built 1997, gross $8.75M) and Hotchkiss II (acquired 2018, gross $6.74M), one building each. |
REIT | 2 industrial buildings, $15.5M grossA |
| Office Properties Income Trust OPI's 10-K for 2025 (filed May 2026) Schedule III: Bayside Technology Park, Fremont, one property acquired 31 Dec 2018, land $10.78M, gross $12.91M. |
REIT | Bayside Technology Park, $12.9M grossA |
Looked for and not found
Claims this page would have made if a source could be opened. They are left out rather than guessed.
- Whether the Roman Catholic Bishop of Oakland still holds Mission San Jose: the only owner statement opened is the 1970 National Register form.
- Who holds title to Ardenwood Historic Farm: EBRPD operates it and the City's GIS lists it as a City park, but no title source was opened.
- Seagate: its FY2026 10-K lists no Fremont property, so no Seagate campus is recorded here.
- Who owns the 295,000 sq ft Western Digital leases (s28) and Bloom Energy's 326,000 sq ft (s29) in Fremont: the tenants' filings do not name their landlords.
- The Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (US Fish & Wildlife Service) holdings inside Fremont: fws.gov refuses automated requests.
- Union Pacific's rail corridors and yards in Fremont, Fremont Unified School District's school sites and Alameda County's holdings: no source stating their acreage or parcel count was opened.
- The City of Fremont's principal-taxpayer table and land holdings from its ACFR: fremont.gov refuses automated requests.
- A June 2026 trade-press report of a Fremont industrial building leased to Tesla selling for $132.3M was seen in search results only and not opened.
- Who owns the parcels at 1031 Walnut Ave ($357.5M net), 47478 Kato Rd ($275.9M), 5588 Cushing Pkwy ($230.2M) and 44758 Old Warm Springs Blvd ($224.4M), the highest taxable parcels after Tesla's: no filing opened names them. Values previously from services5.arcgis.com (Alameda County Parcels layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04).
- City-wide 2025-26 roll: 84,757 Fremont parcels, $27.76B land + $55.19B improvements, $84.02B net taxable — previously from services5.arcgis.com (Alameda County Parcels layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04).
- Tesla's main factory parcel (APN 519-1747-11-1): $83.5M land + $89.3M improvements, $2.66B net, the highest in Fremont, latest document 18 Jun 2018 — previously from services5.arcgis.com (Alameda County Parcels layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04).
- 4,693 Fremont parcels carried at $0 land and $0 improvements (City Hall, Ardenwood, hospital-district Mowry Ave parcels), about 40% of mapped parcel area — previously from services5.arcgis.com (Alameda County Parcels layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04).
- Parcel values for Fremont Hub ($57.0M land + $133.5M improvements), 4540 Cushing Pkwy ($7.0M + $115.0M) and the Pacific Commons parcels (largest $12.6M + $63.2M; four sharing a 10 Mar 2016 document) — previously from services5.arcgis.com (Alameda County Parcels layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04).
- City of Fremont parkland: 68 City park polygons, 1,251 acres (Central Park 351, Ardenwood Regional Preserve 206, Sabercat 102, Niles Community Park 65) — previously from services2.arcgis.com (City of Fremont GIS Parks layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04); fremont.gov refuses automated requests and CPAD (gis.cnra.ca.gov) failed every query.
- California School for the Deaf, 39350 Gallaudet Dr (66 acres, 361,574 sq ft) and the State's 699,025 sq ft of Fremont structures — previously from services8.arcgis.com (DGS SPI map layer), whose robots.txt answers 403; no other open source found (2026-11-04); DGS's SPI web search lists no School for the Deaf record in Fremont.
- Whether Heitman still owns Pacific Commons: a June 2026 report that Heitman listed it for sale was seen in search results only (therealdeal.com robots.txt answers 403).
Sources
- Clerk-Recorder Fee Schedule effective 1 Jan 2024: copies $3.50/page; County DTT $0.55 per $500; city conveyance taxes listed for Alameda, Albany, Berkeley, Emeryville, Hayward, Oakland, Piedmont and San Leandro only (Fremont absent) — Alameda County Clerk-Recorder · openA
- Tesla, Inc. Form 10-K FY2025, Item 2 Properties: Fremont Factory, Fremont, California - Owned — SEC EDGAR (Tesla, CIK 0001318605) · openA
- Tesla Motors Form 10-K FY2010: purchase of the NUMMI facility completed Oct 2010, title to facility and land, total cash paid $42.0M, 210 acres (about 55% of the site), about 5.4M sq ft — SEC EDGAR (Tesla, CIK 0001318605) · openA
- Kimco Realty Corp Form 10-K FY2025, Exhibit 99.1 (shopping centre list): Fremont Hub (PRU, 2007, 504,666 sq ft, 84.7% leased), Brookvale S.C. (129,916 sq ft), Gateway Plaza (165,554 sq ft) — SEC EDGAR (Kimco, CIK 0000879101) · openA
- Kimco Realty Corp Form 10-K FY2025: Prudential Investment Program, Kimco ownership interest 15.0% — SEC EDGAR (Kimco, CIK 0000879101) · openA
- Lam Research Corporation Form 10-K FY2026: principal executive offices 4650 Cushing Parkway, Fremont; 'The Company owns the majority of the Fremont, Livermore, and Tualatin facilities' — SEC EDGAR (Lam Research, CIK 0000707549) · openA
- CEQAnet SCH 2006112056: Washington Hospital Healthcare System 2003 to 2030 Expansion Plan EIR (NOP, 8 Nov 2006); lead agency Washington Township Health Care District; 'its 31-acre medical campus' — Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (State Clearinghouse) · openA
- Fremont Transit-Oriented Development (updated June 2026): RFP 28 Apr 2026 for TOD Phase 1, an 8-acre site at Fremont Station's east parking lot — San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District · openA
- Upcoming TOD Projects: Fremont - 'a portion of BART's surface parking at the Fremont BART Station' — San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District · openA
- National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form: Mission San Jose (prepared 6 Jul 1970; listed 1971): owner Roman Catholic Bishop of Oakland, a corporation sole — U.S. National Park Service (NPGallery) · openA
- Ardenwood Historic Farm: 'East Bay Regional Park District has operated the property ... since 1985' — East Bay Regional Park District · openA
- Coyote Hills Regional Park: 'The park comprises 1,266 acres'; 8000 Patterson Ranch Road, Fremont — East Bay Regional Park District · openA
- Mission Peak Regional Preserve: 'This parkland's 3,023 acres'; Ohlone entrance 43600 Mission Blvd, Fremont — East Bay Regional Park District · openA
- Quarry Lakes Regional Recreation Area: 471 acres, 350 of lakes; acquired by ACWD and EBRPD 1975-1992; groundwater recharge by ACWD — East Bay Regional Park District · openA
- About East Bay Regional Park District: 73 parks, 126,809 acres in Alameda and Contra Costa counties — East Bay Regional Park District · openA
- JLL Income Property Trust Form 10-K FY2025: Fremont Distribution Center (45275 Northport Ct, 45630 Northport Loop East), 4211 Starboard (95%), 6300 Dumbarton Circle, 6500 Kaiser Drive — SEC EDGAR (JLLIPT, CIK 0001314152) · openA
- Diversified Healthcare Trust Form 10-K FY2025, Schedule III: 47071 Bayside Parkway; 47201 and 47211/47215 Lakeview Boulevard, Fremont — SEC EDGAR (DHC, CIK 0001075415) · openA
- First Industrial Realty Trust Form 10-K FY2025, Schedule III: three Fremont industrial properties acquired 2020 — SEC EDGAR (First Industrial, CIK 0000921825) · openA
- Terreno Realty Corp Form 10-K FY2025, Schedule III: Hotchkiss and Hotchkiss II, Fremont — SEC EDGAR (Terreno, CIK 0001476150) · openA
- Office Properties Income Trust Form 10-K FY2025, Schedule III: Bayside Technology Park, Fremont — SEC EDGAR (OPI, CIK 0001456772) · openA
- Building Permits Survey, annual place files (West Region) 2019-2025: Fremont, CA units authorised by structure size — U.S. Census Bureau · openA
- Essex Property Trust Form 10-K FY2025: eight Fremont communities, 1,985 units; Wesco I (58%) and Wesco VI (50%) co-investments — SEC EDGAR (Essex, CIK 0000920522) · openA
- Equity Residential Form 10-K FY2025, Schedule III: Alborada (460 units) and Fremont Center (322 units), Fremont — SEC EDGAR (Equity Residential, CIK 0000906107) · openA
- AvalonBay Communities Form 10-K FY2025: Avalon Fremont (308 units) and eaves Fremont (237 units) — SEC EDGAR (AvalonBay, CIK 0000915912) · openA
- Western Digital Corp Form 10-K FY2026: Fremont, California - Leased, 295,000 sq ft, manufacturing and R&D — SEC EDGAR (Western Digital, CIK 0000106040) · openA
- Bloom Energy Corp Form 10-K FY2025: manufacturing and R&D, Fremont, CA, 326,000 sq ft, leased — SEC EDGAR (Bloom Energy, CIK 0001664703) · openA
- Statewide Property Inventory web search: Alameda County real property list (city FREMONT, 12 records) and each property's detail page (agency, address, interest, use, current use acres) — California Department of General Services, Real Estate Services Division · openA
- Shopping Center Sets '13 Record: Catellus sold the 865k SF Pacific Commons Shopping Center in Fremont to Heitman (price undisclosed) — Bisnow · openA
- Pacific Commons: mixed-use development by Catellus; retail district just under 1,200,000 sq ft on 106 acres — Wikipedia · openA