Canada
Canada: the places inside it, the companies based here, and where this atlas has research on it.
country · population 41,000,000 (registry) · North America · page prepared 2026-11-07
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A
Canada at a glance
Rolled up from the 725 regions inside Canada on this site, with census figures from Statistics Canada.
Population36,987,045
census, summed from provinces/states
Places inside703
301 with a full /local page
Businesses on file907,030
business register, all places inside
Companies headquartered5,700
in the company directory
Who represents them348
places with a /politics page
Property & employers137 · 121
/property and /employers records
L
Who leads Canada, and how households are doing
Researched 2026-11-08 from official statistics; every figure links to its source.
Leadership
Economy & households
- Population
- 41,798,407 persons (quarterly estimate, July 1) (2026-07) ↗
- GDP
- 3,437,720 CAD millions, current prices, seasonally adjusted at annual rates (expenditure-based) (2026-Q2) ↗
- GDP per person
- 55,697.66 USD, current (World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD) (2025) ↗
- Unemployment
- 6.7 % (LFS, 15+, seasonally adjusted) (2026-10) ↗
- Inflation
- 3.1 % CPI all-items, 12-month change (2026-09) ↗
- Central bank rate
- 2.5 % target for the overnight rate (raised from 2.25% on 2026-10-29) (2026-11) ↗
- Median household income
- 75,500 CAD, median after-tax income, economic families and persons not in an economic family (median total income: 86,000) (2024) ↗
- Average household income
- 94,900 CAD, average after-tax income, economic families and persons not in an economic family (average total income: 115,000) (2024) ↗
- Household debt (total)
- 3,280,888 CAD millions, household credit market debt, national balance sheet, seasonally adjusted (2026-Q2) ↗
- Household debt to disposable income
- 176.37 % household credit market debt to disposable income, seasonally adjusted (unadjusted: 175.06%) (2026-Q2) ↗
- Average household debt
- 211,500 CAD, average total debt among families holding debt (68.9% hold debt; median 100,000), SFS (2023) ↗
- Median net worth
- 519,700 CAD, economic families and persons not in an economic family, SFS (2023) ↗
- Average net worth
- 995,900 CAD, economic families and persons not in an economic family, SFS (2023) ↗
- Home ownership
- 66.5 % of households (Census; peak 69.0% in 2011) (2021) ↗
H
Home prices in the biggest cities
As each source measures them (benchmark, median or average sale price); not directly comparable across measures.
| City / metro | Price | Measure | As of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greater Toronto (TRREB) ↗ | 1,006,409 CAD | average sale (MLS HPI composite -4.7% y/y; benchmark $ not published in release text) | 2026-09 |
| Metro Vancouver ↗ | 1,075,900 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
| Calgary ↗ | 566,700 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (residential, unadjusted) | 2026-09 |
| Greater Edmonton Area ↗ | 423,100 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
| Ottawa ↗ | 623,500 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
| Winnipeg ↗ | 467,687 CAD | average sale (residential detached, year-to-date Jan–Sep; board does not publish HPI) | 2026-09 |
| Hamilton-Burlington-Haldimand-Niagara North ↗ | 718,600 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
| Kitchener-Waterloo ↗ | 630,200 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
| Victoria Core ↗ | 1,280,100 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (single-family home; no composite in release) | 2026-09 |
| Nova Scotia (NSAR, province-wide; Halifax-Dartmouth not separated) ↗ | 423,200 CAD | MLS HPI benchmark (composite) | 2026-09 |
W
Wealth and income by group
Grouped exactly as the official survey groups them; the measure is named on each row.
| Group | Measure | Value | As of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recent immigrant families (0–9 yrs since landing), major income earner 25–44 ↗ | median net worth | 132,300 CAD (2023 dollars) | 2023 |
| Canadian-born families, major income earner 25–44 ↗ | median net worth | 293,900 CAD (2023 dollars) | 2023 |
| Established immigrant families (10+ yrs since landing), major income earner 35–64 ↗ | median net worth | 751,500 CAD (2023 dollars) | 2023 |
| Canadian-born families, major income earner 35–64 ↗ | median net worth | 608,400 CAD (2023 dollars) | 2023 |
| All persons ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 40,500 CAD | 2024 |
| Visible minority population ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 35,000 CAD | 2024 |
| Not a visible minority nor Indigenous ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 43,500 CAD | 2024 |
| South Asian ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 34,300 CAD | 2024 |
| Chinese ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 34,700 CAD | 2024 |
| Black ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 33,800 CAD | 2024 |
| Filipino ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 41,100 CAD | 2024 |
| Arab ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 30,100 CAD | 2024 |
| Latin American ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 35,600 CAD | 2024 |
| Southeast Asian ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 36,700 CAD | 2024 |
| Indigenous population ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 31,900 CAD | 2024 |
| First Nations ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 28,400 CAD | 2024 |
| Métis ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 35,700 CAD | 2024 |
| Inuit ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 30,200 CAD | 2024 |
| Immigrants ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 39,500 CAD | 2024 |
| Persons born in Canada ↗ | median after-tax income of individuals | 42,100 CAD | 2024 |
G
Languages
Official-language and home-language figures as the census reports them.
| Language | Share | Measure | As of |
|---|---|---|---|
| English ↗ | 75.5% | first official language spoken | 2021 |
| French ↗ | 21.4% | first official language spoken | 2021 |
| English–French bilingual ↗ | 18% | rate of English–French bilingualism (can conduct a conversation in both) | 2021 |
| Non-official languages (combined) ↗ | 12.7% | most often at home (predominantly a language other than English or French) | 2021 |
| English and French ↗ | official status (federal Official Languages Act) | 2021 |
C
Largest companies in Canada
Ranked by the measure shown, from the cited ranking or filing.
| Company | Measure | Value | As of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brookfield Asset Management ↗ | revenue | 92,769 USD millions (FY2022; Fortune Global 500 2023, rank 117) | 2022 |
| Alimentation Couche-Tard ↗ | revenue | 62,810 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 214) | 2022 |
| Royal Bank of Canada ↗ | revenue | 52,062 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 270) | 2022 |
| Cenovus Energy ↗ | revenue | 51,406 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 277) | 2022 |
| Toronto-Dominion Bank ↗ | revenue | 48,700 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 294) | 2022 |
| Suncor Energy ↗ | revenue | 44,928 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 327) | 2022 |
| George Weston Limited ↗ | revenue | 43,838 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 336) | 2022 |
| Enbridge ↗ | revenue | 40,964 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 365) | 2022 |
| Nutrien ↗ | revenue | 37,884 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 392) | 2022 |
| Magna International ↗ | revenue | 37,840 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 394) | 2022 |
| Power Corporation of Canada ↗ | revenue | 37,419 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 399) | 2022 |
| Scotiabank ↗ | revenue | 36,390 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 415) | 2022 |
| Bank of Montreal ↗ | revenue | 34,730 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 433) | 2022 |
| Canadian Natural Resources ↗ | revenue | 32,503 USD millions (FY2022; FG500 rank 471) | 2022 |
S
Largest listed companies headquartered in Canada
By market cap (USD billions, 2026-11-10). Market caps from companiesmarketcap.com; listing and head office from search.coshares + search.cos (RegionID walked to the province).
| # | Company | Ticker | Market cap | Rank in Canada |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RBC | TSX:RY | $280.17B | 1 |
| 2 | Shopify | TSX:SHOP | $187.51B | 3 |
| 3 | BMO | TSX:BMO | $119.95B | 4 |
| 4 | Scotiabank | TSX:BNS | $113.18B | 5 |
| 5 | Enbridge | TSX:ENB | $107.13B | 6 |
| 6 | CIBC | TSX:CM | $104.98B | 7 |
| 7 | Canadian Natural (CNRL) | TSE:CNQ | $97.92B | 8 |
| 8 | Agnico Eagle Mines | AEM | $96.26B | 9 |
| 9 | Brookfield Asset Management | TSX:BAM.A | $84.91B | 11 |
| 10 | CP | TSX:CP | $81.37B | 12 |
| 11 | Suncor | TSX:SU | $77.84B | 13 |
| 12 | Canadian National Railway (CN Rail) | TSX:CNR | $75.92B | 14 |
| 13 | Manulife | TSX:MFC | $72.91B | 15 |
| 14 | TC Energy | TRP | $66.63B | 16 |
| 15 | Barrick Gold | TSX:ABX | $64.74B | 17 |
Source: companiesmarketcap.com · listings and head offices from search.coshares + search.cos
F
Worth knowing
- 2026-10The Bank of Canada raised its policy rate from 2.25% to 2.50% on October 29, 2026, its first increase after cuts that ran through October 2025. ↗
- 2026-09CPI inflation rose to 3.1% year over year in September 2026, driven by gasoline prices up 27.8%; excluding gasoline, CPI rose 2.2%. ↗
- 2026-09CREA's national composite MLS HPI was down 3.4% year over year in September 2026, and national home sales were 7.7% below September 2025. ↗
- 2026-06Louise Arbour was sworn in as Canada's 31st Governor General on June 8, 2026. ↗
- 2026-Q2Household credit market debt equalled 176.37% of disposable income in Q2 2026 (seasonally adjusted), with total household credit market debt of about $3.28 trillion. ↗
- 2026-10The unemployment rate was 6.7% in October 2026. ↗
- 2026-03In 2023, the median net worth of recent immigrant families ($132,300) was less than half that of comparable Canadian-born families ($293,900). Established immigrant families ($751,500) out-held their Canadian-born peers ($608,400). ↗
- 2022-09Canada's homeownership rate fell to 66.5% in the 2021 Census, down from a peak of 69.0% in 2011. ↗
D
Census
Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population — summed from the province/state summaries; income, rent and rates are population-weighted means of their medians, not national medians.
Median household income$86,849
Median rent$1,173/mo
Immigrants23.2%
Renters33.1%
Aged 65+19%
Unemployment10.4%
Low income11.1%
Speak a non-official language at home12.6%
Non-official languages spoken most often at home
- Mandarin521,820 · 1.4%
- Punjabi (Panjabi)511,285 · 1.4%
- Yue (Cantonese)386,180 · 1%
- Spanish301,905 · 0.8%
- Arabic277,100 · 0.7%
- Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)256,890 · 0.7%
- Urdu134,595 · 0.4%
- Russian115,960 · 0.3%
- Iranian Persian114,260 · 0.3%
- Portuguese106,345 · 0.3%
- Tamil91,470 · 0.2%
- Gujarati68,010 · 0.2%
P
Provinces and territories
One row per census summary, largest first.
| Name | Population | Median household income | Median rent | Immigrants | Unemployment | Businesses on file |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 14,223,710 | $93,408 | $1,363 | 30.1% | 12.3% | 378,350 |
| Quebec | 8,501,490 | $74,931 | $811 | 14.6% | 7.6% | 165,971 |
| British Columbia | 4,999,235 | $87,842 | $1,357 | 29.3% | 8.4% | 154,066 |
| Alberta | 4,262,210 | $97,330 | $1,281 | 23.5% | 11.5% | 110,836 |
| Manitoba | 1,341,995 | $80,677 | $1,032 | 20.7% | 8.5% | 28,880 |
| Saskatchewan | 1,131,135 | $84,088 | $1,053 | 13.1% | 8.7% | 24,237 |
| Nova Scotia | 969,220 | $72,197 | $972 | 7.5% | 12.9% | 21,473 |
| New Brunswick | 775,505 | $71,487 | $797 | 5.8% | 10.5% | 15,767 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 510,355 | $75,958 | $867 | 2.8% | 15.9% | 6,876 |
| Prince Edward Island | 154,295 | $74,342 | $911 | 7.8% | 10.4% | 3,512 |
| Northwest Territories | 40,960 | $129,076 | $1,382 | 10.4% | 9.3% | 949 |
| Yukon | 40,090 | $103,484 | $1,248 | 13.6% | 7% | 1,407 |
| Nunavut | 36,845 | $114,101 | $519 | 3.1% | 18.4% | 1 |
E
Largest employers headquartered in Canada
Worldwide head offices from the /employers research, ranked by people employed as each company reports it.
- 1.Loblaw Companies Limited Brampton, ON · Retail — food and pharmacy (corporate head office) ↗190,000 worldwide, 2026
- 2.Alberta Health Services Edmonton, AB · Health care — hospitals and public health ↗111,100 worldwide, 2024
- 3.TD Bank Group (The Toronto-Dominion Bank) Toronto, ON · Banking ↗102,218 worldwide, 2025
- 4.Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) Toronto, ON · Banking ↗100,000 worldwide, 2025
- 5.Scotiabank (The Bank of Nova Scotia) Toronto, ON · Banking ↗86,431 worldwide, 2025
- 6.Canada Post Corporation Ottawa, ON · Postal and parcel delivery — Crown corporation ↗60,400 worldwide
- 7.BMO Financial Group (Bank of Montreal) Toronto, ON · Banking ↗53,000 worldwide, 2025
- 8.Dollarama inc. Montréal, QC · Discount retail ↗41,000 worldwide, 2026
- 9.Stantec Edmonton, AB · Professional services — engineering, architecture and environmental consulting ↗34,000 worldwide, 2025
- 10.Great-West Lifeco Winnipeg, MB · Finance — life insurance and wealth holding company ↗33,430 worldwide
- 11.Sun Life Financial Toronto, ON · Insurance — life and wealth ↗32,151 worldwide, 2025
- 12.Celestica Toronto, ON · Electronics manufacturing services ↗29,591 worldwide, 2025
- 13.Barrick Mining Corporation Toronto, ON · Gold and copper mining ↗27,000 worldwide, 2025
- 14.Nutrien Ltd. Saskatoon, SK · Mining and chemicals — potash and fertilizer; agricultural retail ↗26,000 worldwide
- 15.J.D. Irving, Limited Saint John, NB · Conglomerate — forestry, shipbuilding, transportation, retail, food ↗20,000 worldwide
B
Largest places in Canada
By registry population; places with a full /local page are marked.
- 1.Toronto, Ontario full2,794,356
- 2.Montréal, QC full1,762,950
- 3.Calgary, Alberta full1,306,784
- 4.Ottawa, Canada full1,017,449
- 5.Edmonton, Alberta full1,010,899
- 6.Vancouver, BC full921,000
- 7.Vancouver Island, BC870,000
- 8.Winnipeg, Manitoba full749,607
- 9.Mississauga, Ontario full717,961
- 10.Surrey, BC full700,000
- 11.Brampton, Ontario full656,480
- 12.North York, Ontario full644,685
- 13.Hamilton, Ontario full569,353
- 14.Niagara Region, Canada551,000
- 15.Ville du Québec (City), QC full549,459
R
Inside Canada
8 regions have Canada as their parent.
C
Companies based in Canada
1,238 in the Research Upon company directory list their headquarters here (the first 80 shown), and 5,700 across Canada and the places inside it — search them all below.
areaAbout this page: figures for the whole of Canada are rolled up from every region inside it; each place inside has a page of its own, and the companies headquartered here are listed above.