Vertical software45% entry signalMarket screen6 sourced figuresOne thing must be trueincumbent vulnerability

Healthcare Revenue Cycle & Admin Software

Prepared 2026-10-08

The buyer population — Ambulatory health care services

Base industry report for 621 →
Establishments · CanadaA
99,422
with employees
Under 10 employeesA
85%
most common size: 1–4
Establishments · USA
678,288
Employment · USA
8,401,579
12 per establishment
Payroll · USA
$574.5B
$68k per employee

Of 99,422 Canadian establishments with employees, 85% have fewer than ten — an industry of very small operators. Each of those is one potential account, before any filter for size or fit.

Entry signal — what decides who wins here

One thing must be true
Structure decides One thing must be true Execution decides

Entry turns on a single condition that can be named and tested before much is spent. Clear it and this becomes an execution question; fail it and no amount of operating skill helps.

What you would have to beat

Displace an incumbent the screen found well defended — payments attached to the workflow, data that does not leave, a contract that renews itself. Share here means giving a buyer a reason to break something that currently works, which is a higher bar than being better.

How it was read
Binding constraintUNVERIFIEDincumbent vulnerability — Executional — a better operator can move it.
Measured inputsUNVERIFIEDnot applied — This is a software market. The industry’s business counts describe its BUYERS, not the market being entered, so they are left out of the signal.
How many new establishments are still tradingA
Health Care and Social Assistance, US · opened 2020
84%
1 year
65.3%
3 years
52.6%
5 years
36.4%
10 years
opened 2015

Measured, not forecast: the share of US establishments opening in one year that were still active later. It counts good operators and bad ones together, which is exactly why it is the honest answer to “what are the odds”. It is for the whole sector rather than this market, and the ten-year figure comes from an older cohort because no younger one has reached ten years.

This is not a probability of success, and it is not a verdict on you. No survival probability is published per market, and inventing one would be worse than saying so. What the bar reads is how much of the outcome sits inside an operator's control: green means the hurdles are ones a better operator clears, red means the binding constraint is capital, an asset or a permission rather than execution. Someone arriving with an advantage this screen did not assume can win a market shown in red.

Companies named in this market · 20

The binding constraint — incumbent vulnerability

What this category is. The back office between a care provider and whoever pays: eligibility checks, claims and the clearinghouse that carries them, coding, denials and appeals, payer-to-provider payments, patient statements and collections, and the credentialing and enrolment that let a clinician bill a plan at all. The coded customer is ambulatory care (621): physician groups, clinics, labs and home health. But the largest buyers of several segments are hospitals and health systems (outsourced revenue cycle, inpatient coding) and health plans (payer payments, provider data, credentialing). How it differs from the neighbouring records. Electronic health records and practice management (6211) sells the chart and scheduling; athenahealth appears here only for its revenue-cycle business, and its funding is not re-researched. EHR+ patient engagement (6211) sells the portal and intake. Patient booking (6211) sells patient acquisition. HIPAA compliance (6211) sells security and audit. Medical imaging (621510) sells PACS. This record is the money and paperwork layer. Who owns the rails. Optum completed its combination with Change Healthcare on 3 October 2022 [A, Optum]. The February 2024 ransomware attack on Change touched about 192.7 million individuals, the largest US healthcare breach on record [B, CyberInsider citing the HHS OCR filing], and stopped claims for providers across the country. That shows how much of the network runs through one company. Availity says it connects over two million providers to every US health plan and handles over 13 billion transactions a year; its shareholders include Anthem (Elevance), Humana, HCSC and GuideWell, and Novo Holdings bought Francisco Partners' stake in July 2021 [A, Novo Holdings]. Waystar (Nasdaq: WAY) earned $1,099M of revenue in 2025, up 17%, from about 30,000 clients representing over 1 million providers [A, Waystar release]. Experian Health sells patient access, eligibility and identity inside Experian plc. Zelis runs the payer-to-provider payment side: 725 payer clients, 850K+ providers and $300B+ of payment volume by its own count [C]. Bain Capital and Parthenon sold a minority stake to a Mubadala-led group that closed on 26 November 2024 [A, Kirkland & Ellis]; the reported $17B valuation is Bloomberg's, not opened here. Who owns the outsourced work. R1 RCM was taken private by TowerBrook and CD&R at about $8.9B, closing 19 November 2024 [A, CD&R]. Ensemble Health Partners began as Bon Secours Mercy Health's revenue-cycle arm; Golden Gate Capital bought 51% in 2019 in a deal reported at about $1.2B [B, Becker's]. athenahealth, bought by Bain Capital and Hellman & Friedman for $17B [B, Healthcare Dive], bundles billing with its ambulatory record. The AI wave is already funded. AKASA (inpatient coding for 500 hospitals, by its own count) raised a $60M Series B led by BOND in 2021 [A]. Adonis raised a $40M Series C led by Quadrille Capital in March 2026, over $95M in total, and claims more than 4x revenue growth in 2025 [A, company release]. Candid Health raised a $52.5M Series C led by Oak HC/FT, $99.5M in total [B, HLTH]. Infinitus raised a $51.5M Series C led by Andreessen Horowitz, $102.9M in total, for AI agents that call payers [B, Pulse 2.0]. In credentialing, Medallion has raised $130M (latest $43M led by Acrew Capital, August 2025) and has acquired Andros [A]. CertifyOS raised a $40M Series B led by Transformation Capital in June 2025 [A]. Uno Health (Medicaid and benefits enrolment) was bought by Findhelp in October 2025 [B]. Canada. Provincial plans pay physicians, so the US claims-and-denials problem mostly does not exist. Billing is bundled with the record: more than 40,000 Canadian health professionals use a TELUS Health EMR [A, TELUS], and TELUS's CHR files OHIP claims through MDBilling [A, TELUS help centre]. mdbilling.ca now redirects to Dr.Bill, which claims 13,000+ physicians across OHIP, MSP and AHCIP [C]. TELUS eClaims covers direct billing to private insurers for allied health. Why a newcomer cannot get in. The clearinghouse and payment rails are owned by Optum, Availity (owned by payers), Waystar and Zelis. Each depends on connections to thousands of payers and on volume pricing. The outsourced hospital work is owned by private-equity platforms worth billions. Every point task an AI startup might attack (coding, denials, payer calls, credentialing, patient billing) already has a venture-backed player with $50M–$130M raised, and the incumbents are buying or building the same AI. Waystar's acquisition of Iodine is one example. In Canada the pain is small and the record vendors bundle it. Incumbent vulnerability decides it.

Angel-backed companies49
in the Canadian portfolio dataset
Province mixAB 16, ON 14, QC 10, BC 3, NB 2, SK 1, YT 1, NL 1, NS 1

Sectors joined: HealthTech · Healthcare · Health SaaS · Health Tech · Healthcare/AI · Healthcare/VR

[UNVERIFIED] Sector-to-NAICS mapping is analyst judgment — see data/angel-sector-map.json. Counts are a per-record cross-reference and are not additive across records.

I

The incumbent

Who owns this market and who is coming for it. Fields a screen never reached say so rather than guessing.

Incumbent
Optum (Change Healthcare)
Scale
The largest US claims and payment network, inside UnitedHealth Group since Oct 2022. Its Feb 2024 outage stopped claims across the country, and the breach touched about 192.7M people. Availity (payer-owned, 2M+ providers, 13B+ transactions a year) and Waystar ($1,099M 2025 revenue) are the other rails
Challengers
Waystar (Nasdaq: WAY), Availity, Experian Health, Zelis (payer payments), R1 RCM and Ensemble (outsourced), athenahealth (bundled); AI-native: AKASA, Adonis, Candid Health, Infinitus; credentialing: Medallion, CertifyOS; Canada: TELUS Health, Dr.Bill
Lock-in mechanism
High at the rails. A clearinghouse is wired to thousands of payer connections, to the record and to the practice-management system. Enrolment for electronic remittance and payment is redone payer by payer when a provider switches. Outsourced revenue cycle is a multi-year contract that often transfers staff. Point AI tools are easier to swap (analyst judgment)
Price movement
Not assessed. Clearinghouse and outsourcing prices are not published. Waystar splits 2025 revenue into $558.4M subscription and $534.8M volume-based [A], but does not break out price
Is the buyer consolidating?
Yes — Physician groups keep moving into health systems and private-equity platforms, which buy enterprise revenue cycle or outsource it. Vendors are consolidating too: Optum–Change (2022), R1 take-private (2024), Waystar–Iodine, Medallion–Andros, Findhelp–Uno Health (2025)
F

Financials & market size — sourced

Figures that came from a filing, a results release or reputable reporting, each carrying its evidence tier.

Waystar 2025 revenueA $1,099M, +17%; net income $112.1M; about 30,000 clients
R1 RCM take-private, Nov 2024A about $8.9B (TowerBrook and CD&R)
athenahealth buyout, announced Nov 2021B $17B (Bain Capital and Hellman & Friedman)
Ensemble Health Partners, 2019B 51% to Golden Gate Capital in a deal reported at about $1.2B
Availity networkA over 2M providers, 13B+ transactions a year (2021)
Change Healthcare breach, Feb 2024B about 192.7M individuals affected
V

The field

Every vendor named on this record, and what each one discloses. Most disclose nothing, which is why the market is not sized.

Competitor set · 15 named · 1 disclose revenue

NameRevenueShareNote
Optum (Change Healthcare)A not disclosed — UnitedHealth Group. Completed its combination with Change Healthcare on 3 Oct 2022 [A]. The Feb 2024 ransomware attack affected about 192.7M individuals [B]. Revenue for the Change business is not broken out
WaystarA $$1,099M (2025) — Nasdaq: WAY. Lehi, Utah and Louisville, Kentucky. 2025 revenue $1,099M (+17%), net income $112.1M, about 30,000 clients and over 1M providers. Acquired Iodine Software (clinical AI) [A, company release]
AvailityA not disclosed — Jacksonville, Florida; founded 2001. Clearinghouse network owned by health plans: shareholders include Anthem, Humana, HCSC and GuideWell, plus Novo Holdings since Jul 2021. Over 2M providers, 13B+ transactions a year [A]
Experian HealthC not disclosed — Inside Experian plc. Patient access, eligibility and coverage discovery, identity and claims. Segment revenue not broken out here
ZelisA not disclosed — Payer-to-provider payments, claims pricing and provider network data. Claims 725 payer clients, 850K+ providers, $300B+ payment volume [C]. Mubadala-led minority stake closed 26 Nov 2024; Bain and Parthenon keep control [A]
R1 RCMA not disclosed — Outsourced revenue cycle for hospitals and physician groups. Taken private by TowerBrook and CD&R at about $8.9B, closed 19 Nov 2024 [A, CD&R]
Ensemble Health PartnersB not disclosed — Outsourced revenue cycle for health systems, spun out of Bon Secours Mercy Health. Golden Gate Capital bought 51% in 2019 in a deal reported at about $1.2B [B]. Berkshire Partners and Warburg Pincus investment in 2022 not opened [C]
athenahealthB not disclosed — Ambulatory record plus billing and RCM service. Bain Capital and Hellman & Friedman bought it for $17B (announced Nov 2021) [B]. Funding is on the EHR record
AKASAA not disclosed — South San Francisco. AI coding and revenue-cycle automation for hospitals; claims 500 hospitals. $60M Series B led by BOND, 2021 [A]; later rounds known only from aggregators
AdonisA not disclosed — New York; founded 2022. AI orchestration for RCM. $40M Series C led by Quadrille Capital, Mar 2026; over $95M total; claims more than 4x revenue growth in 2025 [A]
Candid HealthB not disclosed — Claims and billing automation for multi-site provider groups. $52.5M Series C led by Oak HC/FT, Feb 2025; $99.5M total [B]
Infinitus SystemsB not disclosed — AI voice agents that call payers about benefits, prior authorisation and claims. $51.5M Series C led by a16z, Oct 2024; $102.9M total [B]
MedallionA not disclosed — Credentialing, enrolment and provider data. $43M led by Acrew Capital, Aug 2025; $130M total; has acquired Andros [A]
CertifyOSA not disclosed — API-first credentialing, licensing and provider data for payers and digital health. $40M Series B led by Transformation Capital, Jun 2025; $14.5M Series A, 2022 [A/B]
TELUS HealthA not disclosed — Canada: 40,000+ professionals use a TELUS EMR; CHR includes OHIP billing via MDBilling; eClaims handles private-insurer direct billing for allied health [A]
S

Startups & challengers

Newer and smaller vendors going at the incumbent — funded challengers first. Named, not researched to the depth of the field above; a company with a page here links to it.

CompanyStageWhat it doesRaised
Cedar Funded challenger Patient payments, benefits and financial assistance, and AI patient support for health systems and clinician groups —
SmarterDx Funded challenger Clinical AI for revenue integrity (pre-bill review). thoughtful.ai now redirects here, marked site-sunset —
Collectly Startup Patient billing, pre-visit intake and payment collection with an AI voice agent —
Uno Health Startup Digital Medicaid and benefits eligibility and enrolment; acquired by Findhelp, October 2025. Site now markets Medicare help —
Dr.Bill Scrappy competitor Canadian physician billing app for OHIP, MSP and AHCIP; claims 13,000+ users; mdbilling.ca redirects here —

Evidence

Evidence. Opened 2026-10-10. Waystar Q4 and FY2025 release (waystar.com/news): $1,099M revenue, +17%, net income $112.1M, about 30,000 clients and over 1M providers, Iodine acquisition [A]. CD&R release: R1 take-private closed, $14.30 a share, about $8.9B [A]. r1rcm.com returned 403 to every fetch, so R1's homepage is unconfirmed. Optum newsroom, 2022-10-03: combination with Change Healthcare completed [A]. The roughly $8B price appears only in AP coverage that was not opened, so it is not stated. CyberInsider: 192.7M individuals, figure submitted to HHS OCR on 2025-07-31 [B]. hhs.gov returned 403. Kirkland & Ellis release, 2024-12-05: Zelis minority stake to a Mubadala-led group, closed 2024-11-26, Bain and Parthenon remain majority owners [A]. The $17B valuation is Bloomberg/Axios reporting, not opened, and is NOT used [C]. zelis.com: 725 payer clients, 850K+ providers, $300B+ payment volume, data as of 2025-12-31 [C, vendor claim]. Novo Holdings release (2021): Availity details, shareholders, Francisco Partners stake bought [A]. availity.com: 13B+ transactions [C]. Becker's: Ensemble 51% to Golden Gate, about $1.2B per WSJ sources [B]. The 2022 Berkshire/Warburg investment comes from search summaries only; McGuireWoods returned 429 and Ropes & Gray 403 [C]. Healthcare Dive, 2021-11-22: athenahealth $17B [B]. athenahealth.com returned 403 to robots.txt and homepage. akasa.com press: $60M Series B, BOND lead [A]. Aggregator totals of $205M–$250M are NOT counted. akasa.com: 500 hospitals [C]. adonis.io release, 2026-03-25: $40M Series C, Quadrille lead, over $95M total, 4x growth [A]. HLTH news, 2025-02-13: Candid $52.5M C, Oak HC/FT, $99.5M total [B]. healthcareittoday.com returned 403. Pulse 2.0, 2024-10-23: Infinitus $51.5M C, a16z, $102.9M total [B]. medallion.co blog, 2025-08-18: $43M, Acrew lead, $130M total. The homepage banner says Medallion has acquired Andros [A]. certifyos.com news, 2025-06-26: $40M Series B, Transformation Capital lead [A]. MedCity News tag page: $14.5M Series A [B]. Pulse 2.0, 2025-10-24: Findhelp acquires Uno Health [B]. TELUS health-practitioners page: 40,000+ EMR users, eClaims [A]. TELUS CHR help centre: OHIP billing via MDBilling [A]. www.mdbilling.ca redirects to dr-bill.ca, which claims 13,000+ users, $10B in claims processed [C]. The size of the market for revenue cycle software and services is UNVERIFIED. Only Waystar reports revenue, and Optum, Experian and athenahealth do not break out their revenue-cycle lines. Which share of category spend comes from 621 ambulatory buyers, as opposed to hospitals and health plans, is analyst judgment.

#

Where the industry talks

The associations, forums and events where people in this trade actually talk shop — where to listen before entering, and where the first customers are found. Each link was opened on the date shown.

AssociationUSA
Healthcare Financial Management Association (HFMA)
hfma.org

The professional body for revenue-cycle and finance leaders; home page lists a Revenue Cycle Conference, 10–12 Mar 2027, Orlando

Checked 2026-10-10
AssociationInternationalA
AAPC
aapc.com

Training and credentialing body for medical coders and billers; home page says over 300,000 members

Checked 2026-10-10
AssociationUSA
Medical Group Management Association (MGMA)
mgma.com

Association of medical practice administrators, who buy billing, clearinghouse and credentialing tools

Checked 2026-10-10
AssociationUSA
National Association Medical Staff Services (NAMSS)
namss.org

Professional body for credentialing and provider enrolment staff; home page promotes its 50th Annual Conference, New Orleans, 18–21 Oct

Checked 2026-10-10
AssociationCanadaA
Canadian Health Information Management Association (CHIMA)
echima.ca

Canadian body for health information managers, the nearest Canadian counterpart to coding and records staff

Checked 2026-10-10
PublicationUSA
Revenue Cycle Management (TechTarget)
techtarget.com

Trade news on claims, denials, coding and patient billing (formerly RevCycleIntelligence)

Checked 2026-10-10
PublicationUSA
Healthcare Dive
healthcaredive.com

Daily trade news on health systems, payers and health IT, including revenue-cycle deals

Checked 2026-10-10

HBMA (hbma.org, the billing-company association) returned 403 and is not listed. The HFMA conference and the NAMSS conference appear only on their associations' home pages, so they are mentioned in the notes rather than listed separately. MGMA and HFMA also appear on the 6211 records because they are the same buyers.

↔

The businesses it sells to

Operating-business records filed along the same branch of NAICS — the customers of this software, screened as businesses in their own right.

Operating businessScreenedfiled at 621210
Dental Practice AcquisitionOne thing must be true
binding constraint: entry cost

The buy-in price is set by someone else's cost of capital. Dentalcorp is buying into a $22B Canadian market that is only about 7% consolidated, reporting $409.4M, $435.2M and $420.1M across the first three quarters of 2025 at 9–12% growth, and it secured 70% of its annual acquisition target inside Q1. An associate buying a single practice bids against that. Note a data problem: a $1.1B full-year 2025 revenue figure circulates for Dentalcorp and cannot be reconciled with its own reported quarters, which already sum to about $1.26B by the end of Q3 — the quarters are used here and the annual figure is not.

NAICS 6212102 vendors named12 sourced figuresOpen →
Operating businessScreenedfiled at 621320
Optometry & Vision Care PracticeOne thing must be true
binding constraint: incumbent vulnerability

Two forces squeeze the independent optometrist from opposite ends. Below, the optical chains sell the glasses that carry the margin — National Vision alone runs 1,250 stores on $1.99B of revenue, with an exam priced as a loss leader for the frame sale. Above, the elective procedures that would lift the average ticket are performed in surgical centres the practice does not own, and online lens retail keeps taking the repeat purchase. The exam is the least profitable part of the visit, and it is the only part an independent reliably controls. Note what the chain's own filing now shows: the footprint is no longer expanding quickly. After exiting its Walmart and AC Lens businesses in fiscal 2024, National Vision opened 33 stores and closed 23 in fiscal 2025 for a net gain of ten — 0.8% — and guides to 30–35 openings in fiscal 2026 against 69 in fiscal 2024. Growth is coming from the existing base instead: comparable store sales rose 5.9%, and managed care is now 42% of revenue.

NAICS 6213203 vendors named8 sourced figuresOpen →
Operating businessScreenedfiled at 621340
Physiotherapy Clinic AcquisitionOne thing must be true
binding constraint: incumbent vulnerability

The same consolidation story as dental, one rung down in ticket size and with a worse payer mix: extended-health benefits set the reimbursement ceiling, direct billing is table stakes, and the roll-ups — Lifemark inside Loblaw, pt Health and their regional equivalents — are buying the clinics with the best referral relationships. A single clinic's value walks out with its practitioners, who own their caseloads. The practice software at this code is screened separately.

NAICS 6213405 vendors named11 sourced figuresOpen →
Operating businessScreenedfiled at 621510
Medical & Diagnostic LaboratoriesOne thing must be true
binding constraint: entry cost + regulatory drag

Largest angel cluster after software — 99 companies across AB/ON/QC. Cut because Health Canada / FDA pathways, reimbursement dependency and 3–7 year clinical validation cycles put first revenue outside any window a small entrant can fund. The angel concentration here is a warning, not an invitation: it means the patient capital is already committed.

NAICS 6215104 vendors named10 sourced figuresOpen →

Other software on this branch

Vertical softwareScreenedfiled at 6211
EHR+ — Patient Engagement & Portal PlatformsOne thing must be true
binding constraint: incumbent vulnerability
Incumbent Epic Systems (MyChart)

What this category is. The layer of software the patient touches: the portal and app, digital intake and check-in, reminders and two-way texting, online bill pay and the personal health record. It sits on top of the chart and writes back into it. The coded customer is the physician's office (6211), but the biggest buyers are health systems and clinic networks, and the same products are sold to dentists, optometrists and specialists. How it differs from the neighbouring records. Electronic health records and practice management (6211) sells the record itself. Patient booking and doctor marketplaces (6211) sells patient acquisition: a marketplace of competing practitioners. Telehealth and remote patient monitoring (6219) sells the visit. This record covers what happens between a practice and the patients it already has. Two names the brief proposed fall into those neighbours. TELUS Health MyCare is a direct-to-consumer virtual clinic (telehealth, 6219). Medeo, owned by Loblaw through QHR Technologies, does offer booking, messaging and video visits for a patient's own clinic, so it stays on this record. The incumbent is the record vendor, not a portal company. Epic's MyChart says it serves over 190 million patients [A, mychart.org]. It comes with the Epic record, so a health system on Epic does not buy a separate patient portal. The ambulatory record vendors have done the same thing. eClinicalWorks ships healow. ModMed bought Klara in February 2022, and klara.com now redirects to ModMed's patient-engagement page [A/B]. Tebra sells patient experience alongside its record. In Canada, WELL Health bought CognisantMD's Ocean platform (booking, messaging, reminders, digital forms, kiosks and eReferral) in December 2021. At the time Ocean supported about 8,000 physicians and had about $4M of annual SaaS revenue [B, WELL release]. The independents that have scale. Phreesia (NYSE: PHR) earned $480.6M of revenue in fiscal 2026, its first full year of GAAP net income. It averaged 4,514 healthcare-services clients that year [B]. Part of that revenue comes from pharmaceutical manufacturers who pay to reach patients at intake, not from the practices. Phreesia cut its fiscal 2027 outlook to $510–520M because of reduced visibility into that spending [B]. Weave (NYSE: WEAV) earned $239.0M in 2025, up 17%, from 39,625 customer locations. Most are small dental, optometry and medical practices [A, Weave release]. Luma Health raised a $130M Series C led by FTV Capital in November 2021, $160M in total, and claimed 550+ health systems and clinic networks [B]. Artera (formerly WELL Health Inc., renamed October 2022) had raised just under $100M by then and is reported to have added a $65M Series D led by Lead Edge Capital in December 2025 [B/C]. Relatient has been majority-owned by Brighton Park Capital since November 2019 and raised more than $100M of growth equity before buying Radix Health in 2021 [B]. Kyruus Health (provider search plus scheduling; it bought HealthSparq and Epion Health) and Solutionreach (Summit Partners since 2012) complete the field [B/C]. PocketHealth (Toronto; $33M Series B led by Round13 Capital in March 2024) is a niche: patients' access to their own medical images [B]. Why a newcomer cannot get in. The patient's login belongs to whoever holds the chart. For a health system on Epic, MyChart is already paid for, and any standalone tool must integrate with the record and justify itself on top of what is bundled. For a small practice, the record vendor bundles reminders and a portal, and Weave and Solutionreach already sell texting and payments. The standalone vendors with scale have found a second payer (Phreesia's pharma network) or a payments attach (Weave). That tells you a practice will not pay much for engagement on its own. Canada. Ocean (WELL Health) leads physician-office engagement and eReferral, Medeo is bundled with Loblaw's Accuro record, and portals from the provincial systems and hospitals cover the rest. The paying customer is a publicly funded practice with limited budget for add-ons, which is analyst judgment, not sourced. Incumbent vulnerability decides it: the record vendor owns the patient's login and bundles the layer, and the independent field is crowded and funded.

NAICS 621114 vendors named4 sourced figuresOpen →
Vertical softwareScreenedfiled at 6211
Electronic Health Records & Practice ManagementStructure decides
binding constraint: entry cost
Incumbent Epic Systems

Epic holds 43.7% of acute hospitals and 56.9% of beds, and was the only vendor chosen by large health systems in 2025. Its position is reinforced by clinician training investment rather than contract terms, and certification (ONC in the US, provincial conformance in Canada) is a multi-year floor before a single seat is sold. There IS visible instability — roughly 30% of Oracle Health customers say the platform is not in their long-term plans and another 35% are considered vulnerable — but that displaced demand flows to Epic and Meditech, not to a new entrant. Note also that EHR purchase decisions fell 40% in 2025: the buying window itself is narrowing.

NAICS 62115 vendors named8 sourced figuresOpen →
Vertical softwareScreenedfiled at 6211
Patient Booking & Doctor MarketplacesExecution decides
binding constraint: distribution
Incumbent Docplanner (Doctoralia, ZnanyLekarz, MioDottore, jameda)

What this category is. These are online booking marketplaces. A patient searches by specialty, location and insurance, reads reviews and books a slot. The practice pays a subscription that bundles its public profile, an online calendar, reminders that cut no-shows and light practice-management software. The coded customer is the physician's office (6211), but the same product is sold to dentists, physiotherapists, psychologists and other independent practitioners. How it differs from the neighbouring records. Electronic health records and practice management (6211, Epic and the ambulatory EHRs) sell the clinical record. A booking marketplace sells patient acquisition, and scheduling is the hook that gets it into the practice. The marketplace holds the patient demand, not the chart. Telehealth (6219) sells the visit itself. The dental (621210), chiropractic (621310) and behavioural-health (621330) records cover single-profession practice software. Jane appears there as a multi-discipline clinic system, and its online booking serves the clinic's own patients rather than a marketplace of competing practitioners. The leaders are regional, and each holds its own geography. Docplanner (Warsaw) runs ZnanyLekarz in Poland, Doctoralia in Spain and Latin America, MioDottore in Italy and jameda in Germany across 13 countries. It claims 300,000 active doctors and 100 million monthly patient visits [C, vendor]. It merged with Doctoralia in 2016 alongside a $20M Series C led by Target Global, raised a €15M Series D in 2017 (ENERN lead) and an €80M Series E in 2019 (One Peak and Goldman Sachs Private Capital), then took a 2021 round at more than $1B whose amount was not disclosed [B]. By its own account it had raised about €300M by November 2021, when it bought jameda from Hubert Burda Media [B]. Its Polish subsidiary filed PLN 212.5M of 2024 revenue and PLN 50.7M of net profit, and management talks of about $300M of group revenue in 2026 and a listing in two to three years [B, wirtualnemedia.pl]. Doctolib (Paris) holds France, Germany and Italy. It raised €150M at $1.13B in 2019 (General Atlantic) and €500M of equity and debt at €5.8B in 2022 (Eurazeo lead), about $815M in all [B]. It now claims 520,000 health professionals [C, vendor], and a reported 2026 secondary priced it near €3.6B [C, via secondary report]. Zocdoc (New York) holds the US: $130M at $1.8B in 2015 (Baillie Gifford and Atomico) and $150M of growth financing from Francisco Partners in 2021, when it said it was profitable after moving from flat subscriptions to a fee per booking [B]. Practo (Bengaluru) holds India and sells its Ray clinic software alongside the marketplace [A for the product; B for the $55M 2017 and $32M 2020 rounds]. Why a newcomer cannot get in. The practice pays for patients, so a marketplace with no patient traffic has nothing to sell. Building that traffic means years of consumer search and review content, and each incumbent's moat is one country's patients. Below the marketplaces the field is crowded with scheduling-and-reminder software that has no demand side of its own: Jane (North Vancouver, valued at about $1.8B), Cliniko (Melbourne, bootstrapped, $45 to $395 a month), Tebra (Kareo plus PatientPop), NexHealth ($125M Series C at $1B) and Solv (urgent care, over $80M raised) [B/C]. The Canadian gap is structural, not open. No national doctor-booking marketplace leads in Canada. Medically necessary physician services are publicly insured, so a GP cannot pay a marketplace to buy demand the way a private practice in Warsaw, Paris or New York can. The paying customers are allied-health and private clinics, and Jane already serves them. This is analyst judgment, not sourced. Distribution decides it: the asset is the patient audience, and every geography that pays for one already has a funded owner.

NAICS 621110 vendors named5 sourced figuresOpen →
Vertical softwareFull studyfiled at 621210
Dental Practice Management SoftwareEnter — narrow
Incumbent Henry Schein One (Dentrix) and Patterson (Eaglesoft)

The buyer changed. There are ~2,000 dental service organisations where there were ~100 in 2010, and they acquire practices running incompatible systems — creating the same migration wedge as insurance brokerage, but in a market that is growing rather than shrinking.

NAICS 6212103 vendors named3 sourced figuresOpen →
Vertical softwareScreenedfiled at 621310
Chiropractic Practice SoftwareOne thing must be true
binding constraint: incumbent vulnerability
Incumbent ChiroTouch (PracticeTek)

How chiropractic differs from rehab therapy (621340). Rehab software is built around insurance: WebPT and its rivals compete on documentation that survives payer and Medicare review, and the visit is billed to a third party. A chiropractic office sells many more short visits, usually as a care plan: a course of adjustments scheduled ahead and often paid up front or as a monthly membership. Part of the profession runs cash-only. That changes what the software has to do. It needs recurring card billing for memberships and prepaid plans, a ledger for plan balances, fast spinal-adjustment SOAP templates, and personal-injury and auto-accident case files alongside ordinary insurance claims. Discounting is also a compliance problem: charging cash patients less than insurers invites dual-fee-schedule trouble. A whole product, ChiroHealthUSA, exists to sell practices a 'compliant membership model' as a discount medical plan; it claims 7,700+ providers [C, vendor]. These are analyst framings of the workflow; the vendor pages confirm the features (ChiroSpring sells 'Memberships', ChiroTouch's CT Pay sets up recurring payments, ClinicMind sells a 'Cash-Only / Private Pay' plan) [C, vendor]. The incumbent is ChiroTouch, and it now sits inside a private-equity roll-up. It claims 12,500+ chiropractic practices [C, vendor]. K1 bought it in 2014, Waud Capital Partners took a stake in 2017 [B, socaltech], and in September 2023 Waud's platform (Integrated Practice Solutions, whose chiropractic line is ChiroTouch) merged into PracticeTek under Lightyear Capital majority ownership, with Greater Sum Ventures and Waud keeping stakes [B, Lightyear release]. PracticeTek also owns ChiroSpring, the cloud challenger that sells memberships; ChiroSpring's founder is quoted on PracticeTek's site, and the two share a San Diego address [C]. So the incumbent and one of the best-reviewed challengers have the same owner. Second consolidator: ClinicMind, which absorbed Genesis Chiropractic Software (its homepage now offers 'ClinicMind EHR 1.0 formerly Genesis') and sells EHR plus outsourced billing [A for the merger; date January 2024 from search summary, not opened]. The best-funded challengers. ChiroHD (Atlanta, founded 2017) raised $26M of growth capital from Mainsail Partners in April 2025 [B]. Jane (North Vancouver) is multi-discipline rather than chiropractic-only. It raised under $10M of primary capital, including $2M of CIBC debt in 2019 [B], and was valued at about $1.8B in a May 2025 secondary of $500M-plus led by TCV with JMI Equity and Tidemark [B]; reported revenue was about US$100M [B, The Logic via techcouver]. Practice Better (Toronto; US$27M led by Five Elms, April 2023, and US$13M of CIBC growth debt, November 2024) [B] named chiropractors as a target vertical when it raised. A new entrant would face a PE-owned incumbent that already bundles payments and recurring billing, a venture-funded cloud challenger aimed squarely at it, and a Canadian multi-discipline platform worth more than any of them. Incumbent vulnerability decides it. No vendor publishes revenue except Jane's reported figure.

NAICS 6213108 vendors named4 sourced figuresOpen →
Vertical softwareScreenedfiled at 621320
Optometry Practice Management & EHR SoftwareOne thing must be true
binding constraint: incumbent vulnerability
Incumbent Eyefinity (VSP Vision) — Encompass, the successor to OfficeMate/ExamWRITER

How this differs from general EHR and practice management (6211). The general record is about Epic and the hospital market, where certification and clinician training decide who wins. An optometry office is a clinic with a shop attached. The software has to run the eye exam (refraction, pre-test device data, retinal imaging) and also an optical store: frame and contact-lens inventory, a point-of-sale counter, and lens orders sent to labs. The money side runs on two tracks. Routine eye exams and eyewear are paid through vision plans (VSP, EyeMed and others), which have their own eligibility checks, authorizations and claims. Medical eye care is billed to ordinary health insurance. Generic EHRs do not do frames, lab orders or vision-plan claims, which is why the category exists. The incumbent is a payer. Eyefinity is part of VSP Vision, the largest vision plan, and sells the only optometry software with a direct connection to VSP for real-time eligibility, authorizations and claims [C, vendor]. That claims link is the moat. In October 2025 NextGen Healthcare licensed it too: its ophthalmology and optometry customers now get Eyefinity's VSP claims, frame inventory, point of sale and lab ordering [B, NextGen release]. The independents are old and private. RevolutionEHR (Madison, founded 2006, majority-owned by the RevOptix investor group since 2014 [B]) claims 13,000+ eye care professionals [C]. Crystal PM (Austin) claims 8,000+ independent optometry providers [C]. Compulink (since 1985) also sells to ophthalmology and other specialties. Sightview, formerly Eye Care Leaders, was sold to unnamed owners in July 2024 and carries My Vision Express alongside iMedicWare, Medflow and ManagementPlus [B]. Ocuco (Dublin; €60M minority investment from Accel-KKR in 2023 [B]; 6,750+ sites in 88 countries [C]) sells optical retail and lab software, and its Canadian arm grew out of the EMRlogic acquisition. The one funded newcomer is small. Barti raised a $12M Series A led by Five Elms Capital in August 2025, with AOAExcel (the American Optometric Association's for-profit arm) as an investor [B]. It sells an AI-first all-in-one system and has onboarded about 200 practices [C]. Patient messaging is a separate layer owned by Weave (NYSE: WEAV; $239.0M revenue in 2025, 39,625 customer locations across dental, optometry and other verticals [A]), and Eyefinity lists Weave as an integration partner. The buyer is consolidating. By the end of 2023, private-equity platforms ran hundreds of offices each: MyEyeDr 842, AEG Vision 400+, EyeCare Partners 385+, Keplr Vision 278 [B, Vision Monday]. Those groups standardise on one system and negotiate enterprise terms, which leaves a shrinking independent market split among 25-year-old vendors that each claim thousands of providers. A new entrant would need the vision-plan claims link the payer owns, the device and lab integrations the incumbents built over two decades, and a buyer that is not being acquired. Incumbent vulnerability decides it. No optometry software vendor publishes revenue.

NAICS 62132010 vendors named4 sourced figuresOpen →

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