NAICS 521Subsector · 3-digitnational market1 market record

Monetary authorities - central bank

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing central banking functions, such as issuing currency (paper money); managing the nation's money supply and international reserves; overseeing payment, clearing and settlement systems; holding deposits that represent the reserves of other banks and institutions; and acting as fiscal agent for the federal government. — Statistics Canada, NAICS 2022A

Establishments · CanadaA: 5
Under 10 employeesA: 0%
Establishments · USA: 67
Employment · USA: 21,055
Payroll · USA: $3.0B

Size and shape

How many businesses there are and how small they are. Fragmentation is the first thing an entrant — or anyone selling software into this industry — needs to know, and it is one of the few things that is actually measured.

Canadian establishments by number of employeesA

1–40—

5–90—

10–19240%

20–490—

50–99120%

100–199120%

200–4990—

500+120%

Of 5 Canadian establishments with employees, 0% have fewer than ten — an industry where large establishments carry real weight.

Where they areA

Nova Scotia120%

Quebec120%

Ontario120%

Alberta120%

Largest four provinces by establishment count. Establishments with employees only — sole operators with no payroll are not in this table, so in trades and personal services the true number of businesses is higher.

How many new establishments are still tradingA

Finance and Insurance, US · opened 2020

85.2%

1 year

65.1%

3 years

53.8%

5 years

38.4%

10 years

opened 2015

Measured, not forecast: the share of US establishments opening in one year that were still active later. It counts good operators and bad ones together, which is exactly why it is the honest answer to “what are the odds”. It is for the whole sector rather than this market, and the ten-year figure comes from an older cohort because no younger one has reached ten years.

How businesses here compete

The structural profile of subsector 521, which every industry beneath it inherits. This is analyst judgment from how the subsector is organised — not research into this industry, and not a measurement.

national competitionhigh capitalUNVERIFIED

The central bank. Not a market.

Who sets the price: Not applicable.
The software it runs on: Internal.

Market screens and studies

Market-entry records filed along this branch of the hierarchy. A record at or beneath this code is about this industry; one above it is about something wider that contains it.

Operating businessScreenedfiled at 5211

Central Bank — a Buyer, Not a MarketStructure decides

binding constraint: entry cost + regulatory drag

There is nothing to enter here. The Bank of Canada exists under its own Act of Parliament, and the five Canadian establishments in this code are its head office and regional offices, not five competitors [A]. The honest screen is that this is a buyer, not a market, and the useful question is what it buys. Its 2025 financial statements answer with unusual clarity. The Bank ran on $740M of operating expenditures: $416M of staff costs, $115M of technology and telecommunications, $80M of depreciation, $42M of premises and $36M of bank note research, production and processing [A], against $124.3B of notes in circulation. So the addressable spend is one technology line of $115M and a bank note budget that swings with the production cycle — $10M in 2024, $36M in 2025 [A]. Both are reachable only through federal-style procurement with security clearance, long qualification and, for notes, a specialist secure-printing industry with very few qualified suppliers. A new vendor can win work here, but as an extension of an existing security, data or research business that already holds the clearances — not as a reason to start one. One institution with one procurement office is a customer concentration of 100%. Note also what this is not: a profit pool. The Bank recorded a net loss of $82M in 2025 after $3,079M in 2024 [A], the residue of interest paid on settlement balances, which has nothing to do with suppliers. Payment systems, clearing and settlement sit elsewhere in sector 52 and are not covered by this record.

NAICS 52114 vendors named10 sourced figuresOpen →

Software serving this industry

The vertical software markets filed along the same branch — who sells to these businesses and who they would have to displace — and then the generic categories every business buys whatever it does.

No vertical software market has been recorded along this branch. What the subsector typically runs on: Internal.

And what every business buys · 25 generic categories

Sold to every industry rather than this one, so they are filed against the software industry's own code. The same few vendors recur across most of them.

Companies in this industry · 4

Every company this research names that is filed here or beneath — the operators, and the vendors that sell to them — largest disclosed revenue first. The rank is within the company’s own six-digit industry.

Company	Filed under	Revenue	Rank
Canadian Bank NotePrivate	Monetary authorities - central bank5211	—	1/4
Crane NXTPrivate	Monetary authorities - central bank5211	—	2/4
De La RueDelisted	Monetary authorities - central bank5211	—	3/4
Giesecke+DevrientPrivate	Monetary authorities - central bank5211	—	4/4

Who works here

The occupations employed in Finance and insurance, most concentrated in it first. The share is measured against the whole sector, not this industry — the published cross-tabulation stops there.

Concentrated in this sectorA

Insurance, real estate and financial sales occupations Mostly one sector 51.9%

Auditors, accountants and investment professionals Mostly one sector 43.1%

Computer, software and Web designers and developers Mostly one sector 7.6%

Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems Mostly one sector 6.4%

Judges, lawyers and Quebec notaries One industry 3.2%

Library, correspondence and other clerks Mostly one sector 3.1%

Service supervisors Mostly one sector 2.8%

Electrical, electronics and computer engineers Mostly one sector 2.8%

College and other vocational instructors One industry 2%

Cashiers and other sales support occupations One industry 1.8%

These jobs are mostly done here. An operator in this industry is competing for them against others in the same industry, not against the whole economy.

And the jobs every business has

Accounting, insurance and related business administrative occupations Across the economy 25.8%

Customer and information services representatives Across the economy 23.9%

Financial, insurance and related administrative support workers Across the economy 13.8%

Survey, statistical and data entry occupations Across the economy 9.1%

Administrative services managers Across the economy 8.9%

Administrative and financial supervisors Across the economy 8%

Technical occupations in computer and information systems Across the economy 7.2%

Legislative and senior managers Across the economy 6.6%

Office administrative assistants - general, legal and medical Across the economy 5.5%

Administrative, property and payroll officers Across the economy 4.5%

Found across at least fourteen of the twenty sectors. In a small establishment several of these are usually one person, or an outside provider.

All 162 occupations →

Inside this industry

1 row sits directly beneath 521, and 3 in all once every level is counted. Each has a base report of its own.

Code	Industry	Establishments · CA	What is known
5211	Monetary authorities - central bank	5	Central Bank — a Buyer, Not a Market

Alongside it, under 52 Finance and insurance

Code	Industry	Establishments · CA	What is known
522	Credit intermediation and related activities	14,036	Core Banking Systems Mortgage Origination & Servicing Systems RegTech & Financial Crime Compliance+1 more
523	Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	15,067	Capital Markets & Post-Trade Systems Securities Exchange Operation Financial Data & Credit Analytics
524	Insurance carriers and related activities	11,752	Insurance Carrier Core Systems Insurance Agency Management Systems Insurance Brokerage Book Acquisition
526	Funds and other financial vehicles	751	Fund Administration & Private Capital Software Pension Fund (a Buyer, Not a Market)Investment Fund Launch