Other scientific and technical consulting services

There is nothing here to defend: the arithmetic is trivial, the emission factors are licensed from third parties, and every platform the buyer already owns now ships the feature. Workiva's FY2025 10-K (filed 2026-02-19) describes Workiva Carbon covering scopes one, two and three inside the same platform that produces the customer's statutory report [A]. Microsoft Sustainability Manager is live and documented [A, page fetched 2026-09-20]. The factor data that is supposed to be the moat is a retail product: Climatiq's published price list (fetched 2026-09-20) is a free non-commercial Starter tier, EUR 3,000/year for single-user factor access and from EUR 4,900/year for auditable product footprints. Beneath that sit openLCA (MPL-2.0) and Cloud Carbon Footprint (Apache-2.0), both actively maintained. The capital markets reached this conclusion first, and the evidence is on EDGAR. Watershed Technology's Form D shows USD 100,456,524 sold with a first sale of 2024-01-22; its next Form D shows USD 14,499,988, first sale 2025-12-22 [A]. Persefoni AI sold USD 52,714,648 in the 2023 offering and USD 4,349,962 from six investors in the one first sold 2026-04-23 [A]. An order of magnitude, in two years, at the two best-funded independents. The demand driver receded at the same time: the EU Omnibus Directive, cutting CSRD scope, entered into force 2026-03-18 [A, Workiva 10-Q]. Note also that this record, ESG compliance reporting, energy auditing and supplier tracking are largely sold by one set of vendors — so a new entrant is not picking a niche, it is attacking a bundle.

Nobody buys the audit. The audit is the free front end of an installation contract somebody else pays for, and the benchmarking tool the mandates actually require is given away by the US federal government. This category is the odd one out of the four sustainability markets screened here and it is scored separately: its drivers are utility programme budgets set by state regulatory commissions and city building-performance standards, not corporate disclosure, so the CSRD and California turmoil barely touches it. The answer is still no, for a different reason. Look at where the money is. Willdan's FY2025 10-K (year ended 2026-01-02, filed 2026-02-27) reports $681.552M of contract revenue, 85% of it in the Energy segment, with $316.772M — 46.5% of every revenue dollar — going straight out as subcontractor services and other direct costs. Audits, benchmarking analyses and programme design are listed among the services and are never priced separately; they are how the installed measures get sold. Two customers alone were 27.4% of Energy segment revenue, and the filing states plainly that demand and terms for utility programmes "are highly regulated and driven by various state regulatory commissions" [A]. The software floor is zero. EPA's ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, the benchmarking artefact most ordinances require, was live and free on 2026-09-20. EnergyPlus, OpenStudio and DOE's SEED Platform are national-lab code, all pushed within the last week [A]. And the federal subsidy is going: the OBBBA repeals the Section 179D deduction for property where construction begins after 2026-06-30 [A].

The whole demand curve is a statute, and the statute is being repealed in instalments. Every fact below is from a filing opened for this screen. The EU's Omnibus Directive — revising CSRD scoping thresholds and removing the climate transition plan requirement — entered into force on 2026-03-18, and implementation now varies by member state, with a further scope review to come [A, Workiva 10-Q filed 2026-08-04]. Workiva says in its own words that the revised thresholds have "influenced the pace of customer adoption of our sustainability solutions" [A, 10-K filed 2026-02-19]. In California, CARB announced on 2026-06-24 that the first SB 253 reporting deadline moves from 2026-08-10 to 2026-11-10, and enforcement of SB 261 remains stayed pending Ninth Circuit review of a preliminary injunction against the statute [A, Federated Hermes 10-Q filed 2026-07-31]. The tell is what the comparable does not say. Donnelley Financial Solutions, the other listed regulatory-disclosure software company, posted $767.0M of FY2025 net sales and mentions ESG and CSRD exactly zero times in its 10-K [A]. Workiva grew 19.7% in FY2025 and 19.2% in H1 2026 — on SEC filing, XBRL and SOX, with sustainability named as the drag. The workflow itself is defensible: an assured disclosure has real switching cost, and unlike carbon accounting there is no free tier. But the buyer population is being legislated smaller while incumbents cross-sell into it from the disclosure, EHS and procurement platforms they already hold. Entering means underwriting a political variable in two jurisdictions at once.