Other services (except public administration)

Recently and thoroughly consolidated, with parts-catalogue and labour-guide data licensing acting as a real barrier. The adjacent dealership market (441110) has a far sharper opening — see that study. Sourced update 2026-09-18: the "nothing is disclosed" note on this record was too strong. Mitchell 1 sits inside Snap-on's Repair Systems & Information Group, which reported $1,877.1M of 2025 net sales (+4.4%) at a 26.7% operating margin [A]. That is not a software figure — the segment is mostly diagnostics hardware, undercar equipment and information services — but it is a hard ceiling and a hard statement about the incumbent's balance sheet. The cut stands.

Collision is not mechanical repair with paint on it — the insurer sits in the middle. In the independent mechanical shop (see the 8111 record) the shop owner is the buyer and picks a shop-management system on its merits, which is why Tekmetric, Shopmonkey and AutoLeap could win shops one at a time. In collision the bill is usually paid by an insurer, the estimate has to be written in an estimating system the insurer's claims desk accepts, and direct-repair programmes (DRPs) route the work. The shop pays the subscription; the insurer largely chooses it. A 2019 Collision Advice–CRASH Network survey found 51.2% of Audatex users and 35% of Mitchell users named an insurer mandate as their main reason for having it, and 30.3% of shops ran more than one estimating system [B]. Shopmonkey, which a vertical-software list files under auto body, is general auto repair: its home page lists auto repair, tire, quick lube, heavy duty and wrap/detail shops and never mentions collision or an estimating integration [C]. The incumbent is a listed, 41%-margin network. CCC Intelligent Solutions (NYSE: CCCS) reported $1.057B of FY2025 revenue (+12%) and $436.0M adjusted EBITDA (41%) [A]. Its 10-K says it serves more than 300 insurers including 27 of the top 30 US auto carriers, more than 30,500 repair facilities and 6,000+ parts and diagnostics suppliers, and that its technology "facilitates the majority of the automotive insurance DRP in the U.S." [A]. Repair Solutions — software sold to shops — was about 43% of 2025 revenue, nearly all of it software [A]; that implies roughly $450M a year from repairers alone. In the 2019 survey 83.7% of shops had CCC installed against 27.9% for Mitchell and 23.7% for Audatex [B]. The other two seats are private-equity owned and buying. Mitchell sits inside Enlyte (Stone Point Capital bought it from KKR and Elliott in 2018) [B] and agreed in December 2025 to buy PartsTrader, the insurer-backed parts-procurement marketplace [B]. Solera — Audatex, Qapter — was taken private by Vista Equity Partners for about $6.5B including net debt in 2015 [B]. Even the parts layer has a new private-equity owner: Francisco Partners bought a majority of OEConnection (CollisionLink) in November 2025 [B]. Where the money is going is around the estimate, not into it. Tractable (AI photo estimating, sold mainly to insurers; $65M Series E led by SoftBank Vision Fund 2, 2023) [B], Partly (AI parts identification; $50M at a $500M valuation led by DST Global, June 2026) [B] and Revv (ADAS calibration reporting for body and mechanical shops; $20M Series A led by Left Lane Capital, 2024) [B] all sell tools that plug into the estimating system rather than replace it. Canada is the same, only more so: in BC the single insurer, ICBC, runs its repair programme on Mitchell's estimating tools [A], so a BC body shop's software choice follows the insurer, not the shop. Incumbent vulnerability decides it — there is no shop-by-shop wedge into a market where the payer picks the system.

The incumbent is a listed conglomerate's $965M purchase, and it sits in the tunnel, not just on the counter. DRB Systems (Akron, Ohio; founded 1984) sells the point of sale (SiteWatch, Patheon, Washify, Sierra for in-bay), the tunnel controller (TunnelWatch), pay stations and queuing cameras. Vontier (NYSE: VNT) bought it from New Mountain Capital in 2021 for about $965M in cash, on expected 2021 revenue of about $170M, ~40% recurring, at mid-20% operating margins [A]. DRB had already bought Washify, the cloud POS challenger, in March 2021 [B]. Its home page says it is trusted by "more top 50 conveyor car wash chains than all other technology providers combined" [C, vendor]. Vontier no longer breaks DRB out: it sits inside Mobility Technologies ($1,123.9M FY2025 sales), where management said car wash growth "accelerated" in Q4 2025 [A]. The other seats belong to the equipment makers. Sonny's (conveyor equipment, controls, pay stations and the Quivio management suite; Genstar Capital since August 2020, 6,000+ active customers at the time) [B] bought GoToKiosk in 2020 and WashMetrix in 2025 [B]. ICS went to Dover's OPW in a deal announced January 2021 [B]. Hamilton Manufacturing (pay stations, LPR and RFID, since 1921) and Micrologic Associates (a New Jersey POS and controller vendor, now selling WashCentral) are long-standing independents [C]. When an operator buys a tunnel, the controller and pay station tend to come with it. The venture money went on top of the POS, not into it. Rinsed, a membership CRM, has raised $35M (Series B $20M led by VMG Technology, April 2023; earlier Bedrock Capital, Founders Fund, Y Combinator) [B]. It now claims 3,000+ washes and 10M+ active members [C, vendor] and integrates with the POS rather than replacing it. EverWash (Philadelphia) runs a membership network across partner washes on $11M disclosed, including $5M of debt [B]. FlexWash sells a cloud POS + CRM + LPR that integrates with existing controllers "so you can switch… without rewiring your tunnel" [C, vendor]. That is the only replacement wedge we saw, and its funding is not reported by any outlet we could open. The buyer is consolidating and levered. Mister Car Wash (548 locations, about 2.3M Unlimited Wash Club members, 76% of wash sales from members [A]) was taken private by Leonard Green & Partners at about $3.1B enterprise value, completed May 2026 [B]. Whistle Express (Oaktree) bought about 380 sites from Driven Brands for $385M in April 2025, which took it to about 530 [B]. In the same period Zips filed Chapter 11 with $654M of debt [B]. Chains of that size pick one POS for hundreds of sites and negotiate hard; the long tail is served by the equipment vendor that built its tunnel. Incumbent vulnerability decides it. DRB is well capitalised, owns the controller layer and already bought its main cloud challenger, and the membership-CRM wedge is already funded and taken by Rinsed.

CMMS is the maintenance team's own work-order system — the in-house crew that keeps a plant, a hotel, a food line, a fleet or a campus running: work orders on a phone, preventive-maintenance schedules, the asset register and the spare-parts shelf. The 8113 anchor (commercial and industrial machinery repair) is navigation only; the buyer is every maintenance department in manufacturing, facilities, hospitality, food and beverage and fleets. It differs from its neighbours by whose assets and whose worker. Field service management (238-fsm-field-service-management) is the tool of a company that sends technicians to customers' sites and invoices them; CMMS maintains the buyer's own equipment and never sends an invoice. EAM (the enterprise asset management record written alongside this one) is the lifecycle system — capital planning, depreciation, reliability engineering across a fleet of sites, usually sold top-down to a CIO; CMMS is bought bottom-up by the maintenance manager. ERP (541514-erp-enterprise-resource-planning) carries a plant-maintenance module, which is the ceiling the mid-market CMMS sells beneath. Incumbent vulnerability decides it: the category has just been bought by the industrial giants, and the price tag says the leaders are strong, not weak. Autodesk signed to buy MaintainX on 2026-05-28 for about $3.6B in cash, against MaintainX's own guidance of more than $135M ARR for calendar 2026 growing more than 50% — roughly 27x forward ARR [A, Autodesk 8-K exhibit] — and completed the deal on 2026-08-03 [C, Autodesk newsroom]. That follows Siemens paying $1.575B plus an earn-out for Brightly in 2022 on about $180M expected revenue [A, Siemens release], Rockwell Automation buying Fiix in 2020 and Fluke (Fortive) buying eMaint in 2016 [A, acquirers' releases]. Under them sit funded independents — Limble ($58M Series B at a $450M valuation, Goldman Sachs growth equity) [B], UpKeep ($36M Series B led by Insight) [B], Fracttal ($35M led by Riverwood in January 2026) [B], Facilio ($35M Series B led by Dragoneer) [B]. And the bottom is free: MaintainX's Basic plan is $0 per user per month [C, vendor page], and two open-source projects, openMAINT and Atlas CMMS (AGPL-3.0, about 800 GitHub stars), give the product away [A, repository]. An entrant therefore faces a strategic owner with a sensor or design-software channel (Siemens buildings, Rockwell PLCs, Fluke test tools, Autodesk Tandem digital twins), venture-funded challengers at every price point, and a free tier underneath. Demand is not in doubt — the exits prove that maintenance teams pay. What is in doubt is any room for a generalist newcomer. The open niches are narrower: a CMMS bundled into one vertical's compliance regime (food-safety audit trails, hotel brand standards), or a non-English market where Fracttal shows a regional vendor can reach more than 1,500 customers in 60 countries [B].

Payments-attached and well funded, with Fresha competing at zero subscription cost by monetising payments alone — a free-alternative problem in a vertical market rather than a horizontal one. Nothing is disclosed here. Every vendor named on this record is private, or sits inside a parent that does not break the line out, so no revenue floor can be built and the market size is genuinely unknown rather than estimated.

Medspas straddle two codes. They are filed here under 812190 (other personal care services), but the injecting, prescribing and supervising happen under a medical director, which is physicians'-office work (621111). The software follows that split. How this differs from salon and spa software (812115): the salon stack is booking, staff, retail and payments. A medspa needs all of that plus a clinical record. That means injectable charting on a face map with units, product and lot numbers; signed treatment consents; before-and-after photos; good-faith exams and medical-director sign-off; e-prescribing; and memberships and loyalty programs that sell treatment packages ahead of time. The customer is also different. AmSpa counted 10,488 US medspas in 2023, up from 8,899, averaging about $1.4M in revenue each; 81% are single-location, and 67% of single-owner practices are owned by non-physicians [B, association survey]. That is a larger ticket than a salon, and the owner carries medical liability. There is no single incumbent; two camps meet in the middle. On the clinical side, PatientNow (owned by PSG; 5,000+ locations claimed), Aesthetic Record (9,000+ clinics claimed) and AestheticsPro (claims nearly 30% of US and Canadian medspas) sell an aesthetics EMR with booking attached. Nextech, which TPG bought for $1.4B in 2023 [B], covers the surgeon and dermatologist end. On the salon-platform side, Boulevard ($80M Series D led by JMI Equity, July 2025, about $800M valuation, about $188M raised) says medspas are its fastest-growing segment and that it powers about 15% of US medspas [B; share C]. Zenoti (about $331M raised, valued near $1.5B in 2021) [B] and Mangomint (about $48M) [B] sell medspa editions of their salon software. The vendor claims add up to more clinics than AmSpa counts, so the shares overlap or are inflated. The obvious wedges are already funded. Moxie ($51M total; $25M Series C led by Viewpoint Ventures, March 2026) [B] bundles EMR, compliance, medical-director matching and coaching for a share of practice sales, which is closer to a franchise or management company than to SaaS. RepeatMD ($50M Series A including $10M of debt, co-led by Centana Growth Partners and Full In Partners, November 2023) [B] owns memberships, rewards and e-commerce as an add-on that plugs into the EMRs. PatientNow bought Recura (an AI receptionist) in November 2025 [B]. A new entrant would face PE-owned EMRs, three venture-funded booking platforms that already process medspa payments, and funded specialists in the two places a newcomer would start: compliance and memberships. Incumbent vulnerability decides it. No vendor publishes revenue.

Genuinely underserved and genuinely tiny. Roughly 19,000 US funeral homes at achievable ACVs gives a ceiling too low to justify a dedicated build, though it would suit a solo operator content with a lifestyle outcome. Nothing is disclosed here. Every vendor named on this record is private, or sits inside a parent that does not break the line out, so no revenue floor can be built and the market size is genuinely unknown rather than estimated.

Togetherwork has rolled up the category and monetises card volume through the booking flow, which puts the licence price where the salon and fitness records found it — at or near zero for anyone who cannot process payments. The pain is real and the willingness to pay for software alone is not. Nothing is disclosed here. Every vendor named on this record is private, or sits inside a parent that does not break the line out, so no revenue floor can be built and the market size is genuinely unknown rather than estimated.

Two roll-ups now hold both ends of this market, and both have more capital than any new entrant could raise. On the operator side, Metropolis bought SP+ for about $1.5B in enterprise value in May 2024. It funded the deal with $1.05B of Series C equity and $550M of term debt, led by Eldridge Industries [B, company release]. That made it what it calls the largest parking operator in North America, with more than 4,000 locations [C, vendor]. In November 2025 it added a ~$500M Series D led by LionTree and a $1.1B term loan at about a $5B valuation [B, company release]. Metropolis is both the customer and the vendor: it runs garages with its own computer-vision checkout instead of buying PARCS from someone else. On the municipal and on-street side, EasyPark Group bought ParkMobile in 2021. It closed on Flowbird, the pay-station maker, in January 2025 and added Parkopedia. In June 2025 it renamed itself Arrive, now covering 90+ countries and 20,000 cities [C, vendor]. France's competition authority cleared the Flowbird deal and found no foreclosure risk [A, regulator]. So the app, the meter and the parking-data layer now sit with one PE-owned group (Vitruvian, Verdane, Searchlight). The middle tier is well funded too. Flash raised $250M+ led by Vista at a $1B+ valuation in 2022 for cloud PARCS. Passport had raised $125M by 2019 for municipal mobile pay, permits and enforcement. ParkHub merged with the UK's JustPark in 2024 on an FTV Capital growth round and now trades as JustPark. The one measurable incumbent is stagnant, but that is not an opening. T2 Systems (universities, hospitals, municipalities; permits, enforcement, pay stations) is the only vendor here with published revenue. Verra Mobility paid $347M for it in 2021, when it expected nearly $80M of revenue. Its Parking Solutions segment reported $82.6M for 2025, flat in four years. Customers fell from more than 1,900 to about 1,775, and Verra wrote off $97.1M of the segment's goodwill in 2024 [A, 10-K]. The accounts Verra is losing are going to Passport, Flash and the Arrive brands, which already have the capital and the city contracts. They are not open to a new entrant.

Giving is the product. Ministry Brands and Pushpay both earn on donation processing and can price the management software at zero, and Planning Center holds the mid-market on goodwill and a decade of switching inertia. The same payments-attach economics as the nonprofit record at 8132, against a buyer with a smaller budget. Nothing is disclosed here. Every vendor named on this record is private, or sits inside a parent that does not break the line out, so no revenue floor can be built and the market size is genuinely unknown rather than estimated.

Blackbaud holds roughly half of mid-to-large deployments and monetises payments on $31B of donation flow — the same payments-attach model that makes the restaurant and salon markets hard. Salesforce serves the long tail free through Power of Us, so the SMB end has a zero price floor and the enterprise end has a payments-subsidised incumbent. Note a data-quality problem: one published source puts the entire 'nonprofit software market' at $0.35B in 2026, which is a third of Blackbaud's own revenue. That forecast is unusable and is recorded here only as a caution about the category's market-sizing literature.

This is not property management with a different label: the client is a volunteer board, not a landlord. The 531310 record covers owners and managers who collect rent from tenants, so rent payments are what the software monetises. Here the association owns nothing for profit. Its elected board levies dues and special assessments on its own members, enforces covenants (violations, architectural requests), runs elections and votes, and must fund reserves for roofs, elevators and roads. Most boards hire a management company to do that work, and the management company, not the board, buys the software and runs dozens or hundreds of associations on it. Associations are also managed by general property managers under 531310, which is why AppFolio and Buildium appear here too. The market is large and documented. The Foundation for Community Association Research counts 373,000 US associations housing 78.1 million residents in 2025, collecting $124.2 billion in assessments, $31.1 billion of it into reserve funds. It counts 9,000–10,000 management companies and says 30–40% of associations manage themselves [A]. The management-company tier is held by two well-funded specialists. CINC Systems (Duluth, Georgia, since 2005) says it serves nearly 50,000 associations and has 38 direct bank integrations. It is backed by Spectrum Equity (2020) and Hg (December 2023), and it bought HOAst (e-voting) and ONR (resident app) [B/C]. Vantaca (Wilmington, North Carolina) raised more than $300 million led by Cove Hill Partners at a $1.25 billion valuation in October 2025, on top of a 2022 JMI Equity minority stake, and claims 50,000+ associations and six million households [B/C]. Behind them are PE-backed roll-ups: FrontSteps (AtHomeNet, AssociationVoice, Caliber, Capsure, DwellingLive, Evercondo; CIP Capital), Enumerate (formerly TOPS, rebranded 2023 under Great Hill Partners), and BuildingLink (Bregal Sagemount, 2022), plus Buildium (RealPage, $580M in 2019) and AppFolio's association edition [A/B/C]. The board-as-buyer wedge is the obvious one, and it is taken. Self-managed associations buy their own software, and PayHOA raised a $27.5M Series A led by Elephant in 2024 to serve exactly them [B]; Enumerate and Condo Control sell to them too. Canada is the same picture at a smaller size. Condo Control (Toronto, Klass Capital) claims 3.5 million residents and is marketing BC strata. In BC, the Strata Property Act sets the record-keeping and disclosure duties (minutes and books for six years, depreciation reports permanently, records to owners within two weeks [A, government]). That creates the Form B/F document-sale business StrataPress already runs for 1,900+ strata corporations, with StrataStation a newer BC/Alberta platform [C]. Incumbent vulnerability decides it: the two leaders are freshly capitalised, the lock-in is the association's general ledger and its bank integration, and the board-direct and BC-strata gaps both have funded or established occupants.